Dr. Sujan Bardhan, Consultant – Pulmonology, Narayana RN Tagore Hospital, Mukundapur
Kolkata, November 2025:
As seasonal changes bring a rise in respiratory infections, medical experts are urging people to stay alert to the symptoms that distinguish pneumonia from common viral illnesses like cold and flu. While the initial signs may appear similar, pneumonia is far more serious and requires timely medical intervention to prevent complications.
Understanding the Difference
“The common cold and flu are usually self-limiting and improve with rest and fluids, but pneumonia can be life-threatening if ignored,” explained Dr. Sujan Bardhan, Consultant Pulmonologist at Narayana RN Tagore Hospital. “Early recognition is the key to avoiding severe outcomes, especially among children, older adults, and those with weakened immunity.”
How Pneumonia Affects the Lungs
Pneumonia causes inflammation in the lungs’ air sacs, which may fill with pus or fluid, impairing oxygen exchange and making breathing difficult. While viruses or fungi can cause pneumonia, bacterial forms tend to progress faster. In contrast, a common cold usually affects only the upper airways, and the flu, though more widespread, seldom leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs unless complications develop.
Key Symptoms to Watch For
- Cold: Runny nose, sneezing, mild sore throat, low-grade fever.
- Flu: High fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue.
- Pneumonia: High and persistent fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, and exhaustion even at rest.
Dr. Bardhan noted that a deep, painful cough producing thick yellow or green mucus — sometimes with blood — is a telltale sign of pneumonia. “If a cough becomes heavier or breathing feels difficult, it’s time to see a doctor,” he added.
When to Seek Urgent Care
Rapid or labored breathing, bluish lips or fingertips, and sharp chest pain signal that the lungs are under distress. These symptoms demand immediate medical evaluation to prevent serious complications like pleural effusion or respiratory failure.
Prevention and Protection
Maintaining hand hygiene, staying well-hydrated, and following a balanced diet can reduce the risk of infection. Dr. Bardhan strongly recommended influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations for high-risk individuals. “If cold or flu symptoms do not improve within three to five days or get worse, consult a healthcare provider instead of self-medicating,” he advised.
The Takeaway
Pneumonia is highly treatable when detected early. Being attentive to warning signs such as persistent fever, chest pain, and breathing difficulty can ensure timely care and full recovery. “Never ignore what your body is telling you — early medical advice can save lives,” emphasized Dr. Bardhan.
